2024년 저널리즘 전망 5가지(로이터 연구소)
로이터연구소에서 최근 저널리즘 관련 전망 리포트 공개했음.
<Journalism, media, and technology trends and predictions 2024>
1. 2024년은 저널리즘의 도전적 한 해
- 미디어 리더들은 꼽은 올해 저널리즘 분야의 위협은 비용 상승, 광고 수익 감소, 구독자 증가율 둔화, 법적 분쟁 등. 가장 큰 공감을 얻은 것은 소셜미디어 사이트의 추천 트래픽의 급격한 감소. 불안정한 광고 수익, 소셜 미디어의 추천 트래픽에 대한 우려로 인해 저널리즘 업계에서 혼란이 발생하고 있음.
2. 플랫폼의 변화와 추천 모델의 종말
- 페이스북을 비롯한 여러 플랫폼은 지난해부터 운영 측면에서 뉴스를 후순위로 미루고 있음. 모기업인 메타 역시 언론사보다는 크리에이터에게 플랫폼을 사용하도록 장려하는 등 틱톡의 위협에 대응하기 위해 노력해 왔음. 현재 뉴스 및 미디어 자산에 대한 페이스북의 총 트래픽은 48% 감소했으며, X의 트래픽은 27%, 인스타그램은 10% 감소했음.
3. 변화하는 뉴스 형식: 오디오와 비디오
- 틱톡과 유튜브 쇼츠 등 버티컬 비디오를 활용한 단편 뉴스 스토리텔링
- 영상과 결합된 팟캐스트의 확대 -> 팟캐스트의 유튜브, 틱톡, X 등 기타 플랫폼 진출
- 유료 팟캐스트 운영: 대형 광고주가 상위 100개의 팟캐스트에 집중됨에 따라 오디오 구독 형식의 유료 팟캐스트로의 이동이 활발해질 것이라는 예측입니다.
- 유·무료의 전문적인 뉴스레터 운영
4. 뉴스 단절과 뉴스 회피
- 올해 더 많은 비디오, 오디오 및 뉴스레터가 제작, 유통될 예정이지만, 기본적으로 뉴스 소비자 자체가 줄어드는 문제는 여전히 저널리즘 산업의 큰 위협으로 작동할 전망. 특히 젊은 층을 겨냥하기 위한 전략이 요구되고 리포트가 예측한 올해의 변화.
- 기후 변화와 관련해 불안감을 조성하는 보도보다 긍정적인 전망을 비롯해 개인과 기업이 어떻게 변화를 만들어내는 지에 집중할 것을 권장.
- 젊은 층에 의한 틱톡 보도가 확대되고 있음. 독립적인 언론 뿐만 아니라 주류 언론사에서도 다양한 관점이라는 이름 아래 플랫폼을 통한 뉴스 보도를 확대할 전망.
- 기존의 뉴스 언어를 AI 기반 도구를 활용해 다양한 스타일로 변경해 Z세대의 스타일로 각색하는 방식이 확산될 것이라는 예측.
5. 생성AI와 뉴스
- 미디어 리더들은 저널리즘 분야에서의 AI 역할을 다음과 같이 예측. 먼저 백엔드 자동화 작업(56%)을 최우선 순위로 강조하고, 추천인 시스템(37%), 콘텐츠 제작(28%), 상업적 용도(27%)로 사용될 것이라는 예측.
- 올해 많은 선거가 예정되어 있는 만큼 AI가 선거 보도에 미칠 영향을 우려하는 목소리. AI 생성 이미지나 비디오, 음성 녹음 파일 등이 이미 제작되고 있으나, 선거 관련 규제가 이러한 위협을 해소할 수 있을 만큼 충분히 논의되지 못했다는 분석. 메타, 구글 및 틱톡과 같은 빅테크 회사들은 플랫폼 사용자와 정당이 콘텐츠를 업로드 할 때 AI 사용을 명시하도록 하고, 가짜 콘텐츠를 빠르게 식별하기 위해 팩트체커와 협력하도록 조치를 취하고 있다는 입장. 그럼에도 AI가 뉴스 신뢰도에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라는 반응이 지배적.
The Reuters Institute recently released a journalism-related outlook report.
<Journalism, media, and technology trends and predictions 2024>
1. 2024 is a challenging year for journalism
- According to media leaders, this year's threats in journalism include rising costs, declining advertising revenue, slowing subscriber growth, and legal disputes. The biggest sympathy was a sharp decline in recommended traffic on social media sites. Unstable advertising revenue and concerns about recommended traffic on social media are causing confusion in the journalism industry.
- From a positive perspective, digital subscriptions and other revenue sources can be combined to explore a path to sustainable growth, and as it is a year with many major political and sports events, it will help increase the number of users.
2. Platform change and the end of recommendation models
- Since last year, Facebook and several other platforms have been pushing news to the next level in terms of operations. Meta, the parent company, has also been working to counter TikTok's threats by encouraging creators to use the platform rather than media companies. Facebook's total traffic to news and media assets is now down 48%, X's traffic is down 27%, and Instagram is down 10%.
- The report suggests two major changes that support the decline of 'traditional' social media such as Facebook and X. First, the harmful nature of many conversations about news and politics has forced many people to move to private spaces such as messaging apps, and second, it has strengthened content-based networks such as YouTube and TikTok.
- The Reuters Institute analyzed that it is difficult for traditional news publishers to properly utilize such video-type content as it is difficult to reconnect to news websites that can generate revenue. Analysts say that many traditional media companies are also having difficulty securing visibility compared to video creators who are relatively younger. Furthermore, the movement of users to messaging services such as WhatsApp and business networks such as LinkedIn poses a threat to traditional news producers.
- In line with these changes, media leaders believe they will establish direct links with consumers through websites, apps, newsletters, and podcasts. It is expected that platforms such as Snapchat and TikTok will be used to gain a loyal audience or focus on building WhatsApp channels.
3. Changing news formats: Audio and video
- With young news consumers now prefer audio and video over text, many legacy newsrooms need a significant format shift from text to multimedia production. While many news organizations have already announced plans to produce more videos, newsletters, and podcasts this year, the key point is that there is no change in the proportion of text articles.
- It is also closely related to changes in the way we generate revenue. Specific direction of change that the report suggests
Short news storytelling using vertical videos such as TikTok and YouTube shorts
Expand podcasts combined with video -> Podcast's entry into other platforms such as YouTube, TikTok, X, etc
Paid Podcast Operations: The prediction is that the move to pay podcasts in the form of audio subscriptions will become more active as large advertisers focus on the top 100 podcasts.
free and professional newsletter operations
4. cutting off news and avoiding news
- More videos, audio, and newsletters will be produced and distributed this year, but basically the problem of shrinking news consumers themselves is still expected to act as a major threat to the journalism industry. This year's changes, especially with strategies required to target young people and predicted by reports.
It is recommended to focus on how individuals and businesses make changes, including positive prospects, rather than reports that create anxiety about climate change.
TikTok coverage by young people is expanding. Mainstream media as well as independent media are expected to expand news coverage through the platform under the name of various perspectives.
It is predicted that the existing news language will be changed to various styles using AI-based tools and adapted into Gen Z's style.
5. Generated AI and news
- Media leaders forecast the role of AI in journalism as follows: back-end automation (56%) is the top priority, and the prediction that it will be used for recommendation systems (37%), content creation (28%), and commercial use (27%).
- As many elections are scheduled this year, voices concerned about the impact of AI on election reporting. Analysts say that AI-generated images, videos, and audio recordings are already being produced, but election-related regulations have not been discussed enough to address these threats. Big tech companies such as Meta, Google, and TikTok are taking steps to require platform users and political parties to specify the use of AI when uploading content, and to work with fact checkers to quickly identify fake content. Nevertheless, the prevailing response is that AI will negatively affect news credibility
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